Paper 1 questions- Deng

Paper 1 Questions:

1. Describe the struggle for power following Mao, the emergence of Deng Xiaoping and the defeat of the gang of four.

· With the death of Zou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping’s place in politics was at risk. Mao’s widow, Jiang Qing (a member of the Gang of Four) continued the Maoist rule

· Once Mao died in 1976, The Gang of Four was arrested and tried. 2 were sent to jail and the other 2 were sentence to life in prison

· Hua Guofeng, Mao successor, was in charge. Despite the obvious differences he had with Deng Xiaoping, Deng was able to rise up and become the second most powerful man underneath Hua.

o Hua Guofeng was succeeded by Hu Yaobang, an ally of Deng and a supporter of democratic and student relations

· Once Hu Yaobang died (the beginning protests at Tiananmen Square), Deng was the new leader

2. Describe some of the economic policies and Four Modernizations for China under Deng Xiaoping.

· Modernization of Agriculture, Industry, Science and Technology, (also National Defense)

· Contrary to Maoist egalitarianism and self- sufficiency.

· Workers were offered incentive for hard work and foreign investment and trade was re-opened

3. What were the political changes and limits under Deng and how did these culminate in the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989?

· From 1978 to 1979, the Democracy Wall movement allowed people to express political views freely

o Was shut down due to “harsh criticism of the regime.”

· Hu Yaobang was a supporter of the student voice and encouraged vocal expression

o Once Hu died, the people wanted to mourn his death, but were soon demanding democracy

Cold War Chapters 3 and 4

Chapter 3:

1. When you are faced with hard times, Communism looks better than capitalism

• USSR can "materially provide"

2. Soviet "boom"

• eventually the boom would cease to exists
• difference between communism and Marxism-Leninism
• IB: "World War I showed that they had not yet learned how to preserve peace"

3. Restructure.

• US makes little effort in other countries
• US government expands-FDR
• US looking better than communism

4. US distance

• Due to the continental distance, US is less involved in the rest of the world
• Relations against Communism- "I can't take communism not can you, but to cross this brige I would hold hands with the Devil."- Roosevelt
• Stalin believes capitalists will go to war against each other
• IRON CURTAIN

5. Stalin's rule

• Trotsky murdered
• many people killed or arrested
• "a tyrant who had come to power and remained there through terror."

6. Capitalism good!

• US claims Capitalism to be better than communism
• Democracy
• Marshall Plan: jumps start European economies (capitalism/ democratic countries)
• "theory should determine practice."
• Stalin is not a genius

7. Beria

• capitalist/ communist yet a serial murderer and pervert
• West Germany and NATO

8. Khrushchev takes over

• denounces Stalin's crimes
• Poland has a new government: communism with a human face

9. Cult of Personality

• Mao pushes for cult of personality
• Great Leap Forward= failure

10. Berlin Airlift

• 2 ideals living in one city

11. Golden Age

• Capitalist boom!!
• Golden Age: problems with capitalism disappear.

Chapter 4:

Khrushchev made many many mistakes

1. Domino affect

• if one country succumbs to communism, others will easily too

2. Yugoslavia and Nasser

• Tito agrees to no ideal but only milks what he can from both ideals
• Stalin unable to force Yugoslavia into socialism in fear of war with US (ports located in Yugoslavia)
• Many country try to stay neutral the whole time
• Nasser takes perks from both communism and capitalism
• chooses neither

3. Cold War Blackmail

• don't push countries too hard because they become your problem
• Vietnam split in half
• Kennedy and Diem assassinated
• Johnson refuses to go to war due to FEAR

4. Germany will stay divided

• Adenauer believes there is no way for peace in Germany
• Ulbricht does not consult USSR on his decisions
• believes wall should be build- Khrushchev allows the wall to be built

5. France

• becomes arrogant (de Gaulle)
• France has problems with the US- ask US to take stuff out of France
• paralleled to Mao- This will backfire for both of them

6. Wars at home

• people begin to grow upset- US considered imperialist
• Martin Luther King Jr. and Kennedy assassinated
• US in state of anarchy
• Baby Boom- people more revolutionary
• China in Cultural Revolution- Re-education

7. US and China relations

• US and China agree to work with each other
• both countries are rightist

GADDIS!

THE Cold War

Chapter 1:

I: The United States has a lot of power

a.Us Economy thrives after WWII (IB question)

b. Soviets have tested leadership... allows

2:Stalin does his thang

a. Stalin pushed fear on the people, wanted to be worshiped

b. no opposition

c. The capitalists will destroy each other

i. u.s. is a threat

3: United States advantages

a. geographically, U.S. has less damage

b. Roosevelts 4 wartime objectives:

1: sustain the allies

2: secure allied cooperation

3: nature of the settlement

4: sellable to the American people

4: Priorities!

a. second front

1. russia stays in to occupy Germany

b. Sphere of influence

i. influencing countries as much as possible

ex: Poland and Russia

c. Enemies!

1: Germany being divided

d. Occupation of Japan

e. BOMBS!!

1. atomic bomb vs. soviets bombs

5: CONFUSION CHAPTER!!

a. Greece and Turkey...

b. Marshall plan tricks Stalin

c. blockade in Berlin

6: Kennan's telegram and China

a. Communism prevails in China

i. China joins with the USSR

b. Espionage threatens U.S. yet solves mysteries

7: Korea!

a. North and South Korea separate

i. Stalin helps North Korea, U.S. supports south Korea

a. NATO asks U.S. to support

Chapter 2:

1: Totalitarianism

a. each leader has potential of totalitarian rule

b. Nuclear Bombs

i: advancements change nature of war (IB QUESTION)

c. Arms race- kind of. Humans build up weapons- competition

2: Bombs will be destructive!!

3: Threaten Stalin with Bombs ability

a. don't mess

4: United States has lots of Bombs!

a. no use- what to target

5: Nuclear arms race- (much like before WWI)

a. SUPER-BOMBS

6. The government moves

a. new leaders take position in the White House and USSR

i. Eisenhower

b. Brave test

7: "If war came in any form, the United States would fight it, with every weapon in its arsenal because the Soviet Union would surely do the same." (page 67)

a. Nuclear war transforms Total War (IB QUESTION)

8. Khrushchev

a. threatens other states - bluffing

b. Visits the U.S.

9. WEAPONS!

a. U.S. Spy plane - open skies inspection

b. USSR bluff is called

c. JFK

10. Missiles

a. Missiles sent to Cuba by USSR

b. Threaten by pointing missiles

11:

9.