Paper 1 questions- Deng

Paper 1 Questions:

1. Describe the struggle for power following Mao, the emergence of Deng Xiaoping and the defeat of the gang of four.

· With the death of Zou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping’s place in politics was at risk. Mao’s widow, Jiang Qing (a member of the Gang of Four) continued the Maoist rule

· Once Mao died in 1976, The Gang of Four was arrested and tried. 2 were sent to jail and the other 2 were sentence to life in prison

· Hua Guofeng, Mao successor, was in charge. Despite the obvious differences he had with Deng Xiaoping, Deng was able to rise up and become the second most powerful man underneath Hua.

o Hua Guofeng was succeeded by Hu Yaobang, an ally of Deng and a supporter of democratic and student relations

· Once Hu Yaobang died (the beginning protests at Tiananmen Square), Deng was the new leader

2. Describe some of the economic policies and Four Modernizations for China under Deng Xiaoping.

· Modernization of Agriculture, Industry, Science and Technology, (also National Defense)

· Contrary to Maoist egalitarianism and self- sufficiency.

· Workers were offered incentive for hard work and foreign investment and trade was re-opened

3. What were the political changes and limits under Deng and how did these culminate in the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989?

· From 1978 to 1979, the Democracy Wall movement allowed people to express political views freely

o Was shut down due to “harsh criticism of the regime.”

· Hu Yaobang was a supporter of the student voice and encouraged vocal expression

o Once Hu died, the people wanted to mourn his death, but were soon demanding democracy